Chlorine is a yellow-green gas under normal conditions. It is a strong oxidizing agent due to its high electronegativity. Chlorine gas is also extremely rare in nature and is mainly found in compounds - the most common is sodium chloride (table salt).
In the human body chlorine is present in extracellular fluid as sodium chloride and within the cells as potassium chloride. It is an essential part of the gastric juice. Chlorine is also found in the red blood cells.
The Functions of Chlorine in the Human body
- Regulates osmotic pressure
- Help to maintain the water balance and pH balances
- Combines with hydrogen in the stomach to make hydrochloric acid
- Works in the nervous system to aid in the transport of electrical impulses
- A catalyst in manufacturing of hormones from different glands
- Prevent the build up of excessive fat in tissues
- Maintains proper functioning of muscles
Chlorine Deficiency
Chlorine deficiency is rare and mainly occurs in people with restricted sodium chloride intake, such as oedema and high blood pressure patients. However, an electrolyte disturbance may result in Hypochloraemia which can results in a life threatening condition known as alkalosis, in which the blood becomes overly alkaline.
| Signs | Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Diarrhea and vomiting | Muscular cramps |
| Loss of hair and teeth | Digestive problems |
| Alkalosis | Fluid imbalance |
| Dehydration | Loss of appetite |
| Muscle weakness | Profound lethargy |
| Irritability |