Calcium is a metal - it follows most of the physical properties of metals. It forms metallic bonds with other calcium atoms and forms positively charged ions which bond with non-metals to form salts. Calcium is a soft grey metal - however it does not occur in nature in it's pure form because it is too reactive. It is the fifth most abundant element in the earths' crust and the fifth most abundant ion when dissolved in seawater - and it is also the most abundant metal by mass in many animals, including humans.
Functions of Calcium in the Human Body
Calcium is essential for living organisms. It is used in the formation of bone, teeth and shells and regulates many cellular processes. Only 1% of all calcium in the body is found outside the bones where it is known as serum calcium. It is vital for many functions in the body such as:
- blood clotting
- blood pressure stabilization
- normal brain function
- transference of information between cells
- control of vitamin D functions
Calcium Deficiency
| Signs | Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Rough hair | Muscle cramps |
| Skeletal malformations | Lethargy |
| Dermatitis | Poor appetite |
| Delayed development in infants | Mental confusion |